What is meant by "multi-factor authentication" (MFA)?

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) refers to a security mechanism that enhances protection by requiring two or more verification factors to gain access to a system. This approach significantly increases the difficulty for unauthorized users to gain access, as they would need not only a password (something the user knows) but also an additional factor, such as a code sent to a mobile device (something the user has) or biometric verification (something the user is).

MFA addresses the vulnerability of relying solely on passwords for security, which can often be stolen or guessed. By combining various forms of authentication, MFA provides a layered security approach that helps protect sensitive information and systems from unauthorized access.

While the other choices refer to concepts related to security or user identification, they do not accurately define MFA. Simplifying user identity verification, tracking passwords, or automating deployment does not encompass the comprehensive and layered security approach that MFA represents.