What is a "vulnerability" in the context of secure software design?

A "vulnerability" in the context of secure software design refers to a weakness in a system that can be exploited by a threat agent. Understanding this definition is critical in software security because vulnerabilities represent potential entry points for attackers. These weaknesses can arise from various factors, including coding errors, design flaws, misconfigurations, or even outdated components.

When a vulnerability is present, an attacker can exploit it to gain unauthorized access to system resources, compromise data integrity, or disrupt service availability. By identifying and addressing vulnerabilities during the software design and development process, organizations can significantly enhance their security posture and reduce the likelihood of successful attacks. This proactive approach is essential to maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and systems.